What is the History of the Discovery of HGH?

The discovery and understanding of human growth hormone (HGH) is a fascinating story that spans several decades and involves numerous scientists and researchers. Here is a brief history of the discovery of HGH:

1. Late 19th Century: The concept of growth-promoting substances in the body was first proposed in the late 19th century when French physiologist Claude Bernard suggested the existence of a "substance" in the pituitary gland that played a role in growth.
2. Early 20th Century: In the early 20th century, English physiologists conducted experiments on dogs and observed that the removal of the pituitary gland led to stunted growth in the animals.
3. 1920s: The term "growth hormone" was coined in the 1920s. However, at this time, the hormone's exact nature and chemical structure remained a mystery.
4. 1940s: Significant progress in understanding HGH came in the 1940s when scientists began extracting and isolating the hormone from the pituitary glands of cadavers. This allowed for further research into its properties and functions.
5. 1950s: In 1956 scientists successfully synthesized human growth hormone for the first time. This breakthrough paved the way for further studies on HGH.
6. 1970s: The isolation and purification of HGH became more refined in the 1970s, and this led to the development of pharmaceutical-grade human growth hormone for medical use.
7. 1980s: The Human Growth Hormone gene was isolated, cloned, and sequenced by a team of scientists led by Genentech, an American biotechnology company. This discovery had a profound impact on the production of recombinant HGH, which is now used for various medical purposes.
8. 1985-1987: The FDA approved the use of synthetic HGH for certain medical conditions, such as growth hormone deficiency in children and adults and other conditions like Turner syndrome and chronic kidney disease.
9. 1990s-2000s: Research on HGH continued to advance, leading to a better understanding of its role in growth and development, as well as its potential therapeutic applications. It became a subject of controversy and scrutiny, particularly in sports, due to its potential for performance enhancement.

Today, synthetic HGH is produced for medical use and prescribed by doctors to treat various growth-related disorders and other medical conditions. Its discovery and development have significantly improved the quality of life for individuals with growth hormone deficiencies and other related conditions. Additionally, HGH continues to be a subject of scientific research in various fields, including anti-aging and regenerative medicine.

What made Claude Bernard suggest the existence of the "substance" in the pituitary gland that later turned out to be HGH?

Claude Bernard did not specifically suggest the existence of human growth hormone (HGH) as we know it today, but he made important contributions to the understanding of the pituitary gland's role in regulating various physiological functions, including growth. His work laid the foundation for subsequent research on hormones and their functions.

Claude Bernard was a French physiologist known for his pioneering work in understanding the concept of homeostasis, which is the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions. While he did not directly discover HGH, his investigations into the pituitary gland's functions and its role in maintaining the body's internal balance were instrumental in advancing our understanding of hormones.

In the late 19th century, Bernard proposed the idea that the pituitary gland, a small pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain, might play a critical role in regulating various bodily functions, including growth. He observed that removing the pituitary gland in experimental animals led to significant disruptions in their physiological processes, including impaired growth.

Bernard's work set the stage for later researchers who would go on to isolate and identify specific hormones, including HGH, secreted by the pituitary gland and understand their functions in detail. While he didn't identify HGH itself, his ideas and early investigations into the pituitary gland's functions were integral to the broader field of endocrinology and hormonal research, which eventually led to the discovery of HGH and its role in growth regulation.

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